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Master Title

Pharmacognostical Studies on Erythrina crista-galli (L.) Family: Leguminosae Grown in Egypt

Master Abstract

The plant samples were collected from Giza Zoo, Egypt. Nine compounds were isolated (ß-amyrine- stigmasterol- ß-sitosterol- ß-sitosterol-O-ß-D-glucoside) from the unsaponifiable fraction of leaves and the petroleum ether extract of stem bark, (erycristin [1]- sandwicensin [2]- erythrabyssin II [3]) from the chloroformic fraction of the stem bark and (erythrinine [4]- N-nororientaline [5]) from the basic fraction of the leaves; these compounds were identified by using different spectroscopic methods as UV, IR, MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, HMBC and HSQC. Biological studies were carried out on the hydro-alcoholic and aqueous extracts of both leaves and stem bark; the hydro-alcoholic extract of the leaves showed the highest anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and antioxidant activities while the hydro-alcoholic extract of the stem bark, the isolated sandwicensin and erythrabyssin II showed the highest inhibition activity on the growth of Gram positive bacteria especially MRSA. Evaluation of the potential cytotoxic activity revealed that the hydro-alcoholic extracts of both leaves and stem bark exhibited high cytotoxic activity against liver carcinoma (HEPG2) and cervix carcinoma (HELA). Macro and micromrphological studies were carried out on different plant organs

PHD Title

"Secondary Metabolites from the Red Sea Marine Invertebrates Phyllospongia and Lobophytum Species"

PHD Abstract

Chemical analysis of the dichloromethane fraction obtained from the marine sponge Phyllospongia lamellosa; afforded five new compounds; 1(Phyllospongin A), 2 (Phyllospongin B), 3 (Phyllospongin C), 7 (Phyllospongin D) and 8 (Phyllospongin E) have been isolated for the first time in nature, while the other four scalarane sesterterpenes derivatives, 12a-acetoxy-20,24-dimethyl-25-norscalar-16-en-24-one (4), 12a-acetoxy-24,25-epoxy-24-hydroxy-20,24-dimethylscalarane (5) and scalardysin-A (6), 12a-acetoxy-13ß,18ß-cyclobutan-20,24-dimethyl-24-oxoscalar-16-en-25ß-ol (9) have been isolated for the first time from Phyllospongia lamellosa. GC/MS analysis of n-hexane fatty acid constituents revealed that; the major saturated fatty acid was pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl, methyl ester (18.39%) and the major unsaturated fatty acid was 9-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester (11.59%) of Phyllospongia lamellosa fatty acid methyl ester constituents. The nine isolated compounds were screened for their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Cytotoxic screening indicated that compounds 2, 3, 7 and 8 had potent cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 with compound 7 as potent as Doxorubicin while compound 8 showed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 comparable to doxorubicin. Antibacterial screening revealed that all the compounds had inhibitory activity against Gram-positive strains with compounds 7, 8 and 9 showing the most potent activity (~ 1.7-3.3 µg/ml) in comparison with the other compounds which showed weak activity. Investigation of the Red Sea soft coral Lobophytum pauciflorum; resulted in isolation of six known metabolites (10-15) from non-polar fraction; heptadecan-1-ol, nephthenol, gorgosten-5-3 ß-ol, palmitic acid, stearic acid and batilol. Antimicrobial screening for Lobophytum fractions and isolated metabolites revealed that; different fractions showed that n-hexane and ethyl acetate showed inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis compared with tetracycline also ethyl acetate showed inhibitory activity against Staphyllococcus aureus. In vitro anti-inflammatory screening showed that n-hexane, dichloromethane and compounds (11 and 12) showed significant anti-inflammatory activity against COX-1; and significant anti-inflammatory activity against COX-2 besides ethyl acetate fraction compared with positive controls Indomethacin and Celecoxib; respectively. No remarkable inhibition for NO concentration in comparison with Dexamethasone. GC/MS analysis of Lobophytum pauciflorum fatty acid constituents revealed the presence of the isolated compounds [Palmetic acid (13) and Stearic acid (14)]. GC/MS analysis of n-hexane fatty acid constituents revealed that; the major saturated fatty acid was Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (25.01%) and the major unsaturated fatty acid was 7,10-Hexadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (5.38%) of Lobophytum pauciflorum fatty acid methyl ester constituents. Investigation of marine associated microorganisms, resulted in isolation and purification of seven microorganisms. Chemical profiling using LC-HRESIMS analysis, recommends large scale fermentation about 40 L for both Cladiella sp. and Phyllospongia lamellosa derived microorganisms to isolate and identify the remarkable hits that may lead to isolation for new derivative or new lead compounds. These constituents may also provide the scientific evidences for the extracts antimicrobial activities. Scale up of Phyllospongia lamellosa derived microorganisms resulted in identification of the phthalate derivative Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Key wards: Phyllospongia, sesterterpenes, Lobophytum, COX-1, COX-2, NO