Research Article

Preparation of inactivated canine distemper vaccine using different inactivators

Shendy M.B, Soliman A.F., Amany ELZieny
Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Development of environmental, safe and protective vaccines against infectious pathogens remains a challenge. In consequence of its high morbidity and mortality rates canine distemper is one of the most important diseases of young dogs. The object of the present study is to develop a selected method for preparation of an inactivated canine distemper vaccine. This method involved exposure of the virus to different concentrations of binary ethyleneimine (BEI), beta propiolactone (ßPL) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Complete virus inactivation was obtained with BEI (0.003M) for 6 hours, ßPL (1/5000) for 4 hours and H2O2 at a concentration of 3% rapidly inactivated a Vero cell adapted canine distemper virus strain within 3 h of exposure without affecting its antigenicity or immunogenicity. The safety, immunogenicity and potency induced in four groups of puppies were evaluated using the three prepared experimental batches of inactivated canine distemper vaccine. These results revealed that no residual infectious virus was detected in H2O2 inactivated CD vaccine that proved to be safe and effective when compared with the same virus harvest that inactivated with the classical inactivating agents as BEI and βPL. Thus, an alternative inactivation  method, such as H2O2 is able to maintain the integrity of the virus protein may be essential for improving the potency of inactivated canine distemper virus vaccine produced sufficient of antibodies which measured by serum neutralization test (SNT) and was protected when challenged with virulent CD virus strain. These findings reinforce the idea that H2O2 can replace BEI and βPL as inactivating agents for canine distemper virus to reduce time and cost of inactivation process.

Keywords

Canine Distemper, beta propiolactone (ßPL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Vaccine, Immunogenicity